Officials said the new cyber policies have been guided by a decade of evolution in counterterrorism policy, particularly on the division of authority between the military and the intelligence agencies in deploying cyber weapons. But the intelligence agencies have the authority to carry out clandestine drone strikes and commando raids in places like Pakistan and Yemen, which are not declared war zones.
Obama is known to have approved use of cyber weapons once, early in his presidency, when he ordered an escalating series of cyber attacks against Iran’s nuclear enrichment facilities.
Another senior official said it was quickly determined that the cyber weapons were so powerful that — like nuclear weapons — they should be unleashed only on the direct orders of the commander in chief. That means the administration has ruled out the use of “automatic” retaliation if a cyber attack on America’s infrastructure is detected, even if the virus is traveling at network speeds. During the attacks on Iran’s facilities, which the U.S. never acknowledged, Obama insisted that cyber weapons be targeted narrowly, so that they did not affect hospitals or power supplies.
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